The Second Amendment Of The United States - 1472 Words

Gun Control The Second Amendment of the constitution of the United States was adopted on December 15, 1791. â€Å"A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed† (Gun Control Laws). There is controversy on the exact meaning of the Second Amendment. There is also a lot of controversy surrounding guns and gun laws, and what could be done to prevent gun violence and mass shootings in our country. There has to be a way to prevent gun violence, while still upholding the Second Amendment and protecting the rights of law abiding citizens who have the right to own and carry guns legally. So what was originally meant by the right to bear arms? The Second†¦show more content†¦Samuel Adams once said â€Å"The militia is composed of free citizens†. Other supporters contend that the term militia was â€Å"interchangeable with the terms ‘citizenry’ or ‘people’ at the time the Second Amendment was written†¦ it stands to reason that militia referred broadly to all men of voting age† (The Strange Syntax of the Second Amendment). In the 2008 case of District of Columbia vs. Heller, the right to bear arms was upheld by Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia. Scalia ruled stating â€Å"although the term implies the carrying of a weapon in order to attack or defend oneself from an attack, it in no way connotes participation in a structured military organization† (Syntax). Supporters of gun control want more laws put in place to control buying and selling of firearms. They don’t believe having responsible, law-abiding citizens with guns makes anyone more safe. It is our constitutional right as Americans to bear arms. I agree with the opponents of gun control in that they believe â€Å"gun violence is the fault of the perpetrators of violent deeds, not the guns themselves† (Gun Control Laws). The saying has been repeated millions of times: Guns don’t kill people, people kill people. Society benefits from firearms in the hands of the right people, the responsible citizens who obtain their weapons legally. One alternative to gun control is law enforcement trying to get unregistered weapons off the street,

How Laws Towards Violence And Schools Should Be Conceived...

Within the past 15 to 20 years, there has been an increase of violent situations occurring within the school setting. Due to this increase, laws have been enacted in order help minimally alleviate and help respond to the violence that occurs within schools. However, violent events within the schools is still a major problem encountered by educators, administrators, parents, and students. The common acts of violence that occur range from simple threats all the way to mass shootings and suicide. Unfortunately, the current laws simply cover acts of violence only when and/or after the violent acts occur. This calls for more stringent laws that take a proactive approach in preventing violent incidents from escalating into catastrophic situations. This paper will focus on how laws towards violence in schools should be conceived in a way that will proactively implement strategies and alternative methodologies to profiling students. This paper will also discuss the current laws, policies, an d statutes such as the Zero Tolerance Laws that need to be ratified in order to create a safe and violent-free atmosphere for all students, equip school officials with the necessary tools to maintain safety, prevent situations from escalating, and handle situations in a proactive manner with the aim of preventing injury and loss of life. Keywords: Profiling, Weapons, Massacre, Preventing, Zero Tolerance Laws, Threats, Suicide, Mass Shooting, Gun-Free Zone Act of 1994, Proactive, Columbine, LeastShow MoreRelatedVision 20305053 Words   |  21 Pagessocial pillar aims at building a just and cohesive society with social equity in a clean and secure environment. The political pillar aims at the realization of a democratic political system founded on issue based politics that respects the rule of law and protects rights and freedoms of every individual in the Kenyan society. Kenya envisages the achievement on vision 2030 through a series of successive five year medium term plans covering the span of the Kenya vision 2030 and the first havingRead Moreï » ¿IMPLEMENTATION OF R.A.9262 OTHERWISE KNOWN AS ANTI-VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN CALAPAN CITY ORIENTAL MINDORO5910 Words   |  24 PagesR.A.9262 OTHERWISE KNOWN AS ANTI-VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN CALAPAN CITY ORIENTAL MINDORO THESIS PROPOSAL PRESENTED TO THE DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH MINDORO STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY MASIPIT CALAPAN CITY ORIENTAL MINDORO By: BERNADETH P.DE GUZMAN Instructor 1 Chapter I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Violence comes in many forms. It is not just physical, like a black eye or a swollen face. Other forms of violence are less visible but equally painfulRead MoreCsr Communication in the Pharma Industry35538 Words   |  143 PagesCommunication as a management function 2.2. Corporate Social Responsibility 2.2.1. 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Copyright  © Virtual University of Pakistan 1 Human Resource Management (MGT501) INTRODUCTION TO HRM After studying this chapter, students should be able to understand the following: Describe HRM? Explain why are we concerned about HRM? Discuss Road-map of HRM VU Lesson 1 LESSON OVERVIEW This chapter introduces the students with the basic concepts of the human resource management (HRM)Read MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 Pagesdevelopment models that have been imposed and legitimized by states have been based on the lack of recognition for and abuse of the individual and collective rights of these Peoples. The racist belief that ethnic, cultural, and biological differences should imply social and political inferiority is expressed in terms of discrimination, depriving people of their human rights—which are by definition universal, inherent, and everlasting. 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Digital Fortress Chapter 29 Free Essays

Still unnerved from her encounter with Hale, Susan gazed out through the one-way glass of Node 3. The Crypto floor was empty. Hale was silent again, engrossed. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Chapter 29 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She wished he would leave. She wondered if she should call Strathmore; the commander could simply kick Hale out-after all, it was Saturday. Susan knew, however, that if Hale got kicked out, he would immediately become suspicious. Once dismissed, he probably would start calling other cryptographers asking what they thought was going on. Susan decided it was better just to let Hale be. He would leave on his own soon enough. An unbreakable algorithm. She sighed, her thoughts returning to Digital Fortress. It amazed her that an algorithm like that could really be created-then again, the proof was right there in front of her; TRANSLTR appeared useless against it. Susan thought of Strathmore, nobly bearing the weight of this ordeal on his shoulders, doing what was necessary, staying cool in the face of disaster. Susan sometimes saw David in Strathmore. They had many of the same qualities-tenacity, dedication, intelligence. Sometimes Susan thought Strathmore would be lost without her; the purity of her love for cryptography seemed to be an emotional lifeline to Strathmore, lifting him from the sea of churning politics and reminding him of his early days as a code-breaker. Susan relied on Strathmore too; he was her shelter in a world of power-hungry men, nurturing her career, protecting her, and, as he often joked, making all her dreams come true. There was some truth to that, she thought. As unintentional as it may have been, the commander was the one who’d made the call that brought David Becker to the NSA that fateful afternoon. Her mind reeled back to him, and her eyes fell instinctively to the pull-slide beside her keyboard. There was a small fax taped there. The fax had been there for seven months. It was the only code Susan Fletcher had yet to break. It was from David. She read it for the five-hundredth time. PLEASE ACCEPT THIS HUMBLE FAX MY LOVE FOR YOU IS WITHOUT WAX. He’d sent it to her after a minor tiff. She’d begged him for months to tell her what it meant, but he had refused. Without wax. It was David’s revenge. Susan had taught David a lot about code-breaking, and to keep him on his toes, she had taken to encoding all of her messages to him with some simple encryption scheme. Shopping lists, love notes-they were all encrypted. It was a game, and David had become quite a good cryptographer. Then he’d decided to return the favor. He’d started signing all his letters â€Å"Without wax, David.† Susan had over two dozen notes from David. They were all signed the same way. Without wax. Susan begged to know the hidden meaning, but David wasn’t talking. Whenever she asked, he simply smiled and said, â€Å"You’re the code-breaker.† The NSA’s head cryptographer had tried everything-substitutions, cipher boxes, even anagrams. She’d run the letters â€Å"without wax† through her computer and asked for rearrangements of the letters into new phrases. All she’d gotten back was: taxi hut wow. It appeared Ensei Tankado was not the only one who could write unbreakable codes. Her thoughts were interrupted by the sound of the pneumatic doors hissing open. Strathmore strode in. â€Å"Susan, any word yet?† Strathmore saw Greg Hale and stopped short. â€Å"Well, good evening, Mr. Hale.† He frowned, his eyes narrowing. â€Å"On a Saturday, no less. To what do we owe the honor?† Hale smiled innocently. â€Å"Just making sure I pull my weight.† â€Å"I see.† Strathmore grunted, apparently weighing his options. After a moment, it seemed he too decided not to rock Hale’s boat. He turned coolly to Susan. â€Å"Ms. Fletcher, could I speak to you for a moment? Outside?† Susan hesitated. â€Å"Ah†¦ yes, sir.† She shot an uneasy glance at her monitor and then across the room at Greg Hale. â€Å"Just a minute.† With a few quick keystrokes, she pulled up a program called ScreenLock. It was a privacy utility. Every terminal in Node 3 was equipped with it. Because the terminals stayed on around the clock, ScreenLock enabled cryptographers to leave their stations and know that nobody would tamper with their files. Susan entered her five-character privacy code, and her screen went black. It would remain that way until she returned and typed the proper sequence. Then she slipped on her shoes and followed the commander out. â€Å"What the hell is he doing here?† Strathmore demanded as soon as he and Susan were outside Node 3. â€Å"His usual,† Susan replied. â€Å"Nothing.† Strathmore looked concerned. â€Å"Has he said anything about TRANSLTR?† â€Å"No. But if he accesses the Run-Monitor and sees it registering seventeen hours, he’ll have something to say all right.† Strathmore considered it. â€Å"There’s no reason he’d access it.† Susan eyed the commander. â€Å"You want to send him home?† â€Å"No. We’ll let him be.† Strathmore glanced over at the Sys-Sec office. â€Å"Has Chartrukian left yet?† â€Å"I don’t know. I haven’t seen him.† â€Å"Jesus.† Strathmore groaned. â€Å"This is a circus.† He ran a hand across the beard stubble that had darkened his face over the past thirty-six hours. â€Å"Any word yet on the tracer? I feel like I’m sitting on my hands up there.† â€Å"Not yet. Any word from David?† Strathmore shook his head. â€Å"I asked him not to call me until he has the ring.† Susan looked surprised. â€Å"Why not? What if he needs help?† Strathmore shrugged. â€Å"I can’t help him from here-he’s on his own. Besides, I’d rather not talk on unsecured lines just in case someone’s listening.† Susan’s eyes widened in concern. â€Å"What’s that supposed to mean?† Strathmore immediately looked apologetic. He gave her a reassuring smile. â€Å"David’s fine. I’m just being careful.† Thirty feet away from their conversation, hidden behind the one-way glass of Node 3, Greg Hale stood at Susan’s terminal. Her screen was black. Hale glanced out at the commander and Susan. Then he reached for his wallet. He extracted a small index card and read it. Double-checking that Strathmore and Susan were still talking, Hale carefully typed five keystrokes on Susan’s keyboard. A second later her monitor sprang to life. â€Å"Bingo.† He chuckled. Stealing the Node 3 privacy codes had been simple. In Node 3, every terminal had an identical detachable keyboard. Hale had simply taken his keyboard home one night and installed a chip that kept a record of every keystroke made on it. Then he had come in early, swapped his modified keyboard for someone else’s, and waited. At the end of the day, he switched back and viewed the data recorded by the chip. Even though there were millions of keystrokes to sort through, finding the access code was simple; the first thing a cryptographer did every morning was type the privacy code that unlocked his terminal. This, of course, made Hale’s job effortless-the privacy code always appeared as the first five characters on the list. It was ironic, Hale thought as he gazed at Susan’s monitor. He’d stolen the privacy codes just for kicks. He was happy now he’d done it; the program on Susan’s screen looked significant. Hale puzzled over it for a moment. It was written in LIMBO-not one of his specialties. Just by looking at it, though, Hale could tell one thing for certain-this was not a diagnostic. He could make sense of only two words. But they were enough. TRACER SEARCHING†¦ â€Å"Tracer?† he said aloud. â€Å"Searching for what?† Hale felt suddenly uneasy. He sat a moment studying Susan’s screen. Then he made his decision. Hale understood enough about the LIMBO programming language to know that it borrowed heavily from two other languages-C and Pascal-both of which he knew cold. Glancing up to check that Strathmore and Susan were still talking outside, Hale improvised. He entered a few modified Pascal commands and hit return. The tracer’s status window responded exactly as he had hoped. TRACER ABORT? He quickly typed: YES ARE YOU SURE? Again he typed: YES After a moment the computer beeped. TRACER ABORTED Hale smiled. The terminal had just sent a message telling Susan’s tracer to self-destruct prematurely. Whatever she was looking for would have to wait. Mindful to leave no evidence, Hale expertly navigated his way into her system activity log and deleted all the commands he’d just typed. Then he reentered Susan’s privacy code. The monitor went black. When Susan Fletcher returned to Node 3, Greg Hale was seated quietly at his terminal. How to cite Digital Fortress Chapter 29, Essay examples

Teaching English through New Digital Media free essay sample

In addition to this, one should not forget that nowadays young people get more information online rather than in their classrooms. Last but not least, e-learning helps to improve the target language, encourages learner s independence and the latter has great potential for the development of intercultural and communicative skills. Learning is considered to be a vital part of working and personal life. The online environment is changing continuously and it represents a great opportunity for learning.It is very important to discover how to learn using all available communication channels and choosing the ones that suit a user the best. Nowadays, online learning becomes more and more popular. Where, when, how, and even what we are learning is changing. Digital media has provided e-learning with an alternative teaching and learning methodology. This technology being added to the traditional teacher-centered model gives students the opportunity to use the World Wide Web (WWW) for the development of their skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching English through New Digital Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A classroom can no longer hold this tremendous mount of virtue and wisdom our humanity has accumulated by now. The process of getting new knowledge has become decentralized. One can share and discuss almost everything with all Internet-users around the world. One can improve oneself, spending most of our time studying English, doing all one ;s daily activities in the English language e. G. Having English phone interface, watching BBC intestate of local TV channel, reading English books, journals.This process is called immersion when one tries to connect all his/ re activities with the language one studies. The process of learning something online could be compared to being in the biggest library of the world and at the same time in the best entertainment centre. Distracts will not let you study comfortably e.

A Model For Recovery The Tidal Model Social Work Essay Example

A Model For Recovery The Tidal Model Social Work Essay Example A Model For Recovery The Tidal Model Social Work Essay A Model For Recovery The Tidal Model Social Work Essay My household have used mental wellness services for three coevalss. I experienced my first hypo-manic episode in 1981 when I was composing up my doctorial thesis. During the past 24 old ages I have had 16 episodes that have led to hospitalization. I foremost met Professor Phil Barker in 1983 when he had merely taken up the Chair of Psychiatric Nursing Practice at Newcastle University and I had merely launched myself as a User Consultant under the name of Section 36. During his ten old ages in Newcastle we worked on several undertakings and spent many hours sharing our positions on user authorization, self-management and recovery. I felt privileged when he asked me to notice on the Tidal Model in its early phases. I feel every bit privileged and delighted to talk about the Model today. Phil and Poppy Buchanan-Barker co-wrote this Guide on the Tidal Model for Mental Health Professionals. They have asked me to see whether or non the Tidal Model helps service users on their recovery journey. I will make this mostly by reading citations taken straight from the book. Before we can make this I feel it necessary to look at the significances of recovery. Elementss of Recovery The Chambers twentieth Century Dictionary definition of recover is to remedy . In the context of mental wellness recovery is by and large non accepted as being synonymous with cure . From her work with service users Repper observed that: Recovery does non intend that all agony has disappeared, or that all symptoms have been removed, or that operation has been restored. Pat Deegan, a clinical psychologist with a late childhood-diagnosis of schizophrenic disorder recognized recovery is non a cure but sees no ground for desperation. Being in recovery agencies I know I have certain restrictions and things I ca nt make. But instead than allowing these restrictions be an juncture for desperation and giving up, I have learned that in cognizing what I ca nt make, I besides open up all the possibilities of all I can make . Acceptance is a cardinal factor in the recovery procedure. Again, Pat Deegan notes: †¦ an ever-deepening credence of our restrictions. But now, instead than being an juncture for desperation, we find our personal restrictions are the land from which jumping our ain alone possibilities. This is the paradox of recovery†¦that in accepting what we can non make or be we detect what we can be and what we can make †¦ recovery is a procedure. It is a manner of life. It is an attitude and a manner of nearing the twenty-four hours s challenges . Simon Champ, a outstanding Australian mental wellness militant, besides views recovery as a womb-to-tomb procedure which requires of import alterations in self : I have come to see that you do non merely piece up the ego you were before developing schizophrenic disorder, but that you have to really animate a construct of who you are that integrates the experience of schizophrenic disorder. Real recovery is far from a simple affair of accepting diagnosing and learning facts about the unwellness and medicine. Alternatively, it is a deep searching and inquiring. A journey through unfamiliar feelings, to encompass new constructs and a wider position of ego. It is non an event but a procedure. For many, I believe it is a womb-to-tomb journey . Despite painful times Anthony believes that we should ever be hopeful as the recovery period brings with it periods of personal growing. Recovery is described as a deeply personal, alone procedure of altering one s attitudes, values, feelings, ends, accomplishments, and/or functions. It is a manner of populating a satisfying, hopeful and lending life, even with restrictions caused by the unwellness. Recovery involves the development of new significance and intent in one s life as one grows beyond the ruinous effects of mental unwellness. The Tidal Model In my position, hospitalization is a signifier of containment instead than a therapeutic procedure . Service users are expected to entertain themselves by speaking amongst themselves, watching telecasting, sitting in the smoke room, playing pool or go toing occupational therapy. Mental wellness nurses need to interrupt out of the mechanistic modus operandi, which restricts their duologue with service users. When the Tidal Model is in usage, each service user undergoes a holistic appraisal with a specially trained mental wellness nurse. All experiences are accepted as true and non dismissed as hallucinations ( for illustration ) . The mental wellness nurse discusses with the service user what the individual feels may hold caused their admittance and what they feel they need to make to turn to these jobs. Every service user receives a transcript of their appraisal, which is recorded in their ain words. This procedure helps to construct up trust between the service user and the mental wellness nurse. They form a partnership whereby the nurse supports the service user through the recovery procedure. The accent is on caring with instead than caring for . The attitudes, beliefs and expressed demands of the service user are accepted at each phase of the recovery procedure. The user knows that the advice of the nurse may non needfully be accepted. The individual s narrative lies at the bosom of the Tidal Model†¦..The Tidal Model is a philosophical attack to the recovery or find of mental wellness. It is non a treatment theoretical account, which implies that something demands to be done to alter the individual. Alternatively the Tidal Model assumes that the individual is already altering, albeit in little and elusive ways†¦.In the Tidal Model water is used as the nucleus metaphor. Following the Holistic Assessment the service user enters into a period of Individual Care and Group Care . One to one Individual Care Sessionss are arranged on a day-to-day footing. , The procedure of Individual Care involves developing a collaborative relationship within which the individual can get down to develop consciousness of the resources that ( s ) he presently possesses, which might be used to turn to the job of life ; what extra resources ( support ) might be needed ; and what needs to go on next, to get down to travel off on the recovery journey. Three signifiers of group work provide a supportive societal construction for the Individual Care: The Discovery Group The Information Group The Solutions Group The Discovery Group brings together service users to discourse a set of pre-prepared inquiries that aim to bring forth simple contemplation and blithe every bit good as meaningful conversation. Two members of the professional squad usually lead the Discovery Group, but over clip group participants may take bends in taking the session. The Discovery Group therefore purposes to supply a scene within which people might see a encouragement to their self-esteem, repossessing in the procedure some of the personhood that has been lost, either as a map of the experience of mental ill-health, or of the experience of psychiatric attention and intervention, or both. The Discovery Group provides an chance within which members may repossess and develop further their ability to portion with others, on a simple yet reciprocally honoring footing, through simple inquiry and reply Sessionss . The Information Group aims to supply practical advice to people about services they are soon utilizing, or services that they might see utilizing. This advice is delivered in plain linguistic communication, sooner in an entertaining, interesting or otherwise accessible manner . Francis Bacon s pronouncement that knowledge itself is power is the primary motive behind the Information Group. Without cognition we are non merely nescient, but besides powerless. The people who lead the Information Group should hold in-depth cognition of specific subject countries who can comfortably reply intelligent and seeking inquiries from people in attention and possibly besides staff members. There are an infinite figure of possible subjects for the Information Group, but experience of the Tidal Model undertakings around the universe suggests that the following are most popular: Medicine Current attention and intervention Psychotherapy and reding Nutrition and wellbeing Social security benefits Community supports Specialist common support groups Housing and supported adjustment. The possible part to Information Groups that might be made by user/consumer-advocates, psychiatric subsisters, or others who have navigated the recovery journey, is incomputable. Apart from particular cognition of the recovery journey, such people come transporting a immense beacon of hope. Their very presence signals the possibility of recovery, but besides frames this within a realistic plot line. The Tidal Model emphasises the necessary hunt for solutions. Given that the jobs of populating which people experience determines the demand for aid, both lay and professional, it follows that we should be focused on solutions to these jobs. However, unlike some other therapy theoretical accounts or intervention systems, we do non believe that the professionals have the replies to the individual s problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the Tidal Model needs to be tailored to accommodate every individual in the programme. Everyone needs a theory of their ain to explicate how they got at that place, and how they might travel away once more, back onto the ocean of experience. So the matter-of-fact focal point on happening solutions is carried over into the work of the Solutions Group. The Solutions Group is portion of the heavy work of care-helping people to larn more about themselves and their jobs and transfusing hope in the recovery procedure. The Solutions Group is extremely practical and focuses on conversations about alteration that is already taking topographic point within single members. What elusive illustrations of alteration is the individual already going aware of? Alternatively the group will concentrate on conversations about what alteration might be like ; how participants will cognize alteration when they encounter it. The Tidal Model focuses upon the unison between the service user and the professional assistant. However †¦..the Tidal Model is an anti-professional attack to mental wellness attention. It does non believe that there is particular cognition refering mental wellness, known merely to the professional, that can convey about the declaration of serious jobs of human life, or rush the individual s recovery. The Tidal Model proposes that merely the individual can of all time have such knowledge†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..However, the individual needs the sophisticated support to program and put to death the procedure of recovery. Finally the book offers us Ten Commitments which distil the kernel of the pattern of the Tidal Model. Value the voice: the individual s story is the beginning and end point of the whole assisting brush. The individual s narrative embraces non merely the history of the individual s hurt, but besides the hope for its declaration. This is the voice of experience. We need to guard it good, as the voice begins to assist the individual to do her or himself afresh . There is no uncertainty in my head that the Tidal Model promotes the procedure of recovery. The cardinal characteristics that set it aside from other theoretical accounts are: It is based on the personal narratives of service users. It is based on caring with instead than caring for . It is a holistic theoretical account of attention. It recognises that cognition is power . It focuses upon solutions instead than jobs. It promotes self-management and authorization. It promotes the construct of therapeutic experience instead than containment. In this sense, the Tidal Model is genuinely innovative.

20 Descriptive Essay Topics What to Write about Canadian Food

20 Descriptive Essay Topics What to Write about Canadian Food Writing a descriptive essay about something you are not exactly an expert on is never easy. It becomes even more difficult when you are free to choose any topic within the confines of a general theme – your knowledge is insufficient to choose anything in particular as you simply have no idea what to choose from. So, if you have to write a descriptive essay about Canadian cuisine, feel free to use these topics we’ve prepared for you: Poutine – an Artery-Clogging Delight of Canadian Cuisine Maple Syrup as the Basic Symbol of Canadian Culture Canadian Ice Wine and Why It Is So Special BeaverTails – Pastry Celebrating Canadian National Animal Newfoundland Cod Tongues – Refuse Turned Delicacy Pemmican – the Precursor of Modern Protein Bars Butter Tart – the Most Canadian Dessert in Canada Ice Beer – the Canadian Contribution to the World of Brewing Tourtiere – Traditional French-Canadian Dish Donairs – Middle-Eastern Food Turned Canadian The Disputed Origins of Nanaimo Bar Bloody Caesar – Canada’s National Cocktail Traditional Cuisine of the First Nations Montreal-Style Bagel – Jewish Contribution to Canadian Cuisine Fiddleheads and The Ways They Are Prepared in Canada Acadian Rappie Pie and Its Origins Fish and Brewis – Traditional Newfoundland Delicacy Garlic Fingers as a Canadian Take on Pizza Tiger Tail Ice cream – Ubiquitous Canadian Licorice Dessert Flapper Pie as a Staple of Canadian Prairie Culture A Sample Descriptive Essay on Poutine – an Artery-Clogging Delight of Canadian Cuisine If you ask a resident of Canada which dish he or she considers the most iconic for the country’s cuisine, chances are that you will be sent to the closest poutine place to give a try to this peculiar dish, not very well known outside of Canada. Poutine all by itself makes a meal that would horrify any advocate of healthy lifestyle – Canadians laughingly admit that it is a dish that is extremely prone to sticking to your ribs. Your basic poutine consists of French fries, fresh cheese curds and special, usually sweetened gravy-like sauce used to keep the rest of the dish hot longer. This, however, is just a basic recipe – different regions, restaurants and communities have their own variants of poutine, ranging from fast-food to haute-cuisine variations introducing delicacies like merguez sausage, foie gras and sometimes even truffles and caviar. And even these don’t mark the limitations of culinary weirdness associated with poutine – some chefs are known to throw bacon, maple syrup, deep-fried Kit-Kat bars, marshmallows, chocolate ganache and/or ice-cream into the mix, producing a truly mind-boggling and bowel-curdling experience. As is clearly seen, even without resorting to this kind of culinary atrocities poutine is an extremely versatile dish, capable of using many different ingredients in many different combinations. There is no consensus on where poutine comes from, who its inventor was and what exactly its name means, despite the fact that the dish is a relatively young one – most food historians agree that it appeared around 1950s. The exact story of its appearance differs from account to account. According to one version, the word ‘poutine’ derives from a Quebecois slang term meaning ‘mess’, and the dish itself appeared when a restaurateur from Warwick, Fernand Lachance, was asked by a cafà © regular to put cheese curds on his French fries and exclaimed in exasperation that it will make a damn mess (poutine). Another version of the word’s etymology claims that ‘poutine’ is a gallicization of the English word ‘pudding’, which supposedly was used in Canada to define a mixture (usually unappetizing) of different foods. However, it seems that too much times elapsed since then to make declare any of these theories true with any degree of certainty. Despite its rather unassuming name, poutine is extremely popular throughout Canada, and at least three different regions of the country claim to be its birthplace: Drummondville, Victoriaville and Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. However, there is still a possibility that this most Canadian of all Canadian dishes may be not entirely local in origin and was derived from or at least inspired by a remarkably similar dish popular in the north of England, Scotland and in the Isle of Man, called ‘chips, cheese and gravy’. It was well-known in the UK some fifty years before the emergence of poutine, although grated cheddar was used instead of cheese curds and gravy was sometimes replaced by curry sauce. Nevertheless, you should better keep this theory to yourself when discussing poutine with the Canadians, since they often find immense pride in their national dish despite good-humoredly acknowledging that it is probably not the healthiest of foods. All in all, poutine is among those dishes that inexplicably rise from obscurity to become staples of national diet and produce horrified fascination in foreigners. It is equally widespread and accepted in fast food joints and upscale restaurants and, together with maple sauce, butter tarts and Nanaimo bars, has become an integral part of local food culture. References Albaba, Ken. Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia. Santa-Barbara, California, 2011. Print Cooke, Nathalie. What’s to Eat? Entrà ©es in Canadian Food History. Montreal, Canada: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2009. Print Dojny, Brooke. New England Home Cooking: 350 recipes from town and country, land and sea, hearth and home. Boston, Mass: Harvard Common Press, 1999. Print Miller, Marissa. â€Å"In Montreal, A Week for Poutine†. The New York Times. Jan. 29 2015 Morton, Mark. Cupboard Love: A Dictionary of Culinary Curiosities. Toronto, Canada: Insomniac Press, 2004. Print Kittler, Pamela Goyan, Kathryn Sucker. Food and Culture. Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning, 2007. Print Sinclair, Charles G. International Dictionary of Food Cooking. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. Print

Vietnam and Gulf Wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vietnam and Gulf Wars - Essay Example The decision to send U.S troop to Vietnam did not take into considerations the view of the public or the Congress. Negative impressions by the public and many political bigwigs persisted throughout the time that the U.S troops were in Vietnam. The public was up in arms at the amount of money that was used during this time of war in Vietnam. The losses were not only in monetary terms but also in the number of soldiers who perished (Rosenau 46). So many soldiers died and others were also injured. It was the first time that the United States had suffered a loss in war. The Vietnam War left an economic dent that was felt throughout the U.S. apart from that, shame and perceived weakness in military force and policies were exposed for the whole world to see (McNamara and VanDeMark 67). The eventual pull out of the force seemed like an acceptance of a mistake and defeat. The eventual effects of the Vietnam disaster were still lingering in the minds of the American public and political players. When the ‘free Kuwait† decision that ultimately led to sending of troops in the Gulf region was made, the American citizens were not very pleased. They criticized the decision. The aftermath of Vietnam had an effect on the foreign policy decisions and the reluctance of people to go through an ordeal like the previous one. The public saw it as another catalyst for an economic slowdown and massive loss of lives for an international situation that did not â€Å"scream† out for their participation. According to the public and some political players, it was not necessary to go to war at the moment leave alone going there with brimming confidence of a win. Since the US aimed at being the superior power, involvement in the war led to the breaking of relations especially after the US invaded Grenada and Panama (Murrin, et al. 844).   Countries such as the Soviet Union were silently not amused by the antics of United States. Slowly, U.S was creating a divide and even causing tensions with its long-term allies.  Ã‚  

Key drivers affecting health care organizations and the U.S. health Essay

Key drivers affecting health care organizations and the U.S. health care delivery system - Essay Example This paper will briefly discuss these issues, and find out how these reforms may positively affect key players in the healthcare system. One of the main drivers affecting healthcare organizations is cost. The cost of care in most healthcare organizations in the United States is considered to be the key driver affecting the manner in which most organizations operate. At the moment, countless people are not able to acquire quality medical attention due to its high cost (Garber & AHA, 2006). It is true that the cost of healthcare provision is going higher and not many people are capable of acquiring the effective and quality healthcare they desire. The second driver is the increase in need for healthcare employees. There is no question about the recent spell of reducing healthcare workers in the United States, which presents a tremendous challenge to the healthcare sector. Current and future implications of these drivers lie in the fact that patients may not get what they truly desire from the healthcare organizations or healthcare delivery systems. It is next to impossible to fully provide for a changing environment when negative progress riddles a system that is meant to cater to a large population. Furthermore, a reduction in healthcare workers means that a shortage looms in the horizon, which implies that countless other patients may receive the short end of the stick when it comes to efficient healthcare provision (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2011). One change that countless people would want enacted is the recruitment of more healthcare workers in the region. Also, a reduction in the cost of healthcare services may be a reform that most people would want to see enacted. These changes are crucial to the patient because, in the long run, they would be able to pay for the services they urgently need. Furthermore, they will not necessarily have

Open Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Open Topic - Essay Example Having this picture in mind as one would see fit or relevant, he may likely admit being overwhelmed at trying to rationalize from a political perspective which is mostly responsible on negotiating with this type of crisis. Along this line comes natural inquisition on the availability of feasible solutions and how they can be made capable in the long-term to chiefly target certain causes as high gasoline taxes, , war in the Middle East, civil and political unrests in nations involved, as well as insufficient number of refineries. Nevertheless since the end-users are consistently affected by the price adjustment on gasoline, it essentially matters to bring oneself in the scenario of maneuvering, no matter how implicitly, to effect a favorable balance. At his own rate, an ordinary consumer can for instance think of an alternative way of managing a personal task or operation without having to utilize an engine run by gas.

Effects of Dementia on Communication

Effects of Dementia on Communication The Impact of Brain Disease/Injury on communications Dorothy Lally Table of Index (Jump to) INTRODUCTION Picks Diseases The on Set Personality changes   Emotional signs Roaming behaviour Loss of normal control The family and caring for someone with Picks The Healthcare worker and the Picks patient Communication Conclusion References Impact of brain injury/disease on communication. Introduction In this report I will be discussing a brain disease called Picks and how it affects communication for the client, their family and the healthcare assistant. There are five distinguishing features of Picks disease, I have done all my research on line and found all the sites extremely helpful. On set. Personality change. Roaming behaviour. Loss of normal controls. Hyper sexuality. Picks Disease Picks disease is a less common form of dementia. it is 15% of all dementia cases. It is a very rare disease. The human brain is the most complicated organ of our bodies, picks is frontal temporal dementia, nerves at the front and sides of the brain are destroyed due to a build-up of proteins why the build-up of protein nobody knows but Picks strikes adults between the ages of 40 and 60 and there are a few cases of Picks suffers at the young age of 20, it’s a disease that is more common in women than men. Picks is hard to diagnose and can sometimes be diagnosed as depression. Onset; the physical signs of Picks is muscle rigidity, difficulty moving about, incontinence and memory loss. Personality change; Picks is a very steadily progressive disease, there would be many behavioural changes like inappropriate behaviour speech difficulty, loss of memory and intellectual abilities poor judgment overeating and drinking, lack of hygiene. Emotional signs would be mood changes, no empathy, impatience, aggression and no attention span, there language skills would deteriorate fast as well difficulty in speaking and understanding and a decreased inability to read and write. Roaming behaviour; Picks suffers just like any dementia suffer have a need to roam about they don’t seem to like doors or closed in spaces, so this means that someone has to be constantly with them they cannot be left on their own in case of injuries or the client getting themselves into danger. Loss of normal controls; this is the client not having control over how much food or drink. Hyper sexuality affects anyone who has had a brain injury or suffers with some form of dementia it is where client would have not sexual urges or they would be highly sexual. All these signs behavioural emotional language and physical can be very stressful on the client’s family especially when they might not have the correct information about the diseases. The family Caring for someone with Picks disease: When you have a loved one with a dementia disease like Picks you want to do everything in your power to do the right thing for them so you and your family will take on the responsibility of caring for your loved one, you are first looking at around the clock care which is going to be tough mentally and physical. Your dealing with major personality changes mood swings, rudeness, impatience, aggression, incontinence all these things you never had to deal with before this not just upheaves the clients life but yours your family friends your work plans basically you and your loved ones life plans and this alone can be very stressful. Always get as much information as you can about the diseases on the internet from your doctor, specialists and support groups, never ever refuse help from your family and friends remember no one is an Island we all need help. QUOTE; â€Å"Accept the conditions and changes in your relationship with your loved one, after that it becomes easier† Anonymous. The client with Picks disease; Picks is very hard to diagnose it is sometime mistaken for depression it has some of the symptoms of depression e.g. mood swings, no attention span, lack of hygiene over eating or not eating properly, The loss of speech and understand when trying to communicate can be very upsetting for the client which leads to aggression impatience and frustration. It is very important that the client gets as much help as they can get, speech therapy plenty of exercise but above all keep their dignity, some examples of this would be always make eye contact make sure the client can here and see you always tell them who you are and what will be happening you may have to repeat this many times and speak slow clear and calm. It is so important to get help as fast as you can it can make a difference with speech there are memory exercises that can be of great benefit, there are also flash cards that can be used for when the speech does get harder for the client simple pictures of the toilet, drink, eat I’m tired these can help with communications and ease some of the frustration for all family and care givers. Clients should always be able and never afraid to ask for help. The Healthcare assistant and the Picks client; As a healthcare provider you always have to be observant watching the client to see any physical and emotional changes with them watching their demeanour when visitors come or if you fell something is not right with your client. Gain their attention by making eye contact make sure that your client can see and hear you always sit at the same level use names when you are talking try to keep their attention. Speak slowly clearly and in a clam manner use your tones correctly pause between each sentences to give your client a chance to answer your question. Be clear when family members and visitors call tell them who they are by name especially if they are new to them like a new doctor a new staff member. Listening to your client is very important reduce all background noise TV, radio and other peoples conversations. If your client is having difficulties trying to find words or finishing what they want to tell you try and find ways for them to explain this is where the flashcards would come in handy. When your clients speech is getting hard to understand use what you know about them and you might get a feel as to what they are trying to tell you but always check to make sure that this is what they are looking for please don’t shout or use bad tones this will cause much distress always include your client in decision making offer them choices and try and use questions that can be answered with a yes or no or a simple nod of the head. No slang words or abbreviations they might not understand what you are saying and it could turn into frustration for your client. Communication Commination is the major factor for the client the family and the healthcare assistant it would be of great benefit to the client if you suggested to the family to do commutations course it would help them to cope better with their loved one and to understand how to communicate properly which would be extremely helpful in dealing with a person that has a brain disease. Quote; â€Å"There is on one way to look after a person with dementia every person is different, do your best† anonymous. Conclusion; In this report I have out lined what Picks is, it is a front temporal dementia nerves at the front and sides of the brain are destroyed due to a build-up of protein, it’s a less common form of dementia most common in women than men it strikes between the ages of 40 and 50 and in a few cases it can happen at the early age of twenty. Picks causes personality changes, inappropriate behaviour, speech difficulties, loss of memory and intellectual abilities Picks is a steadily progressive disease. It is important to have communication skills, to observe, to listen this would apply to the family and the healthcare assistant. Speak slow clear and calm pause after asking a question wait for answer, make eye contact make sure you can be seen and heard sit at the same level, use your name when talking telling them who you are and always retain their sense of identity and dignity these are very important for the client. Learning to live with Picks dealing with a family member who has it and caring for someone with a brain disease is upsetting for all but catching it as early as possible learning coping and communicating skills can be of great benefit to the client family and healthcare assistant. References; www.theaftd.org/ www.nnpdf.org/aftd picks disease.htm http;//www.google.ie www.ncbi.nlm.nih-gov/pubmed?term www.helpguide.org/picks-disease.htm www.alzwell.com/picks-disease. www.theafd.org www.nnpdf.org/aftdpicksdisease.htm https;//www.google.ie wwwhelpeguide.org/picks-disease.htm www.alzwell.com/picks-diseasehtml www.alzeimer.ie/living-with-dementia

Catch 22 :: essays research papers

America has been involved in the cold war for years. The fear of communism is ruining lives. The country moves closer and closer to the Korean war. Joseph Heller’s Catch 22 is published. 1963- College students are seen wearing army fatigues with "Yossarian" name tags. Reports are being made about a "Heller Cult". Bumper stickers are manufactured which read, "Better Yossarian then Rotarian". The phrase "Catch 22" has surfaced meaning a "no win situation" it is now an excepted word in the English dictionary. Such a dramatic change in opinion from the earlier, Pro-war society, it is obvious that Catch 22 had some impact on the anti-war movement of the 1960’s-1970’s. Not to say the book was the one reason the movement started, It was certainly a catalyst. A protest novel, Heller’s story portrays the absurdity of bureaucracy, the stupidity of war, and the power they both have to crush the human spirit. Heller us es a war zone setting, to satirise society at large. He compares the commanding officers to Incompetent businessmen. "Don’t mumble, and mumble "sir" when you do, and don’t interrupt, and say "sir" when you do." Desiring promotion over every thing else, Colonel Cathcart keeps raising the number of missions the men of his squadron must fly. Even though the army says they need fly only forty, a bureaucratic trap called "Catch 22" says they can’t go home at forty because they must obey their commanding officers. Much like the work place, the men are forced to go through endless amounts of red tape, which hardly gets them anywhere. Yossarian tries to pretend he is crazy to get out of fighting. He signs "Washington Irving" on letters he censors, and walks around naked for a couple of days. If someone is crazy he needs only ask and he can be dismissed from duty. Yet, one would be crazy to fly, and only a sane person wou ld ask to stop, Yossarian is therefore not crazy and is ordered to continue flying his missions. Heller also demonstrates the effect war has on one’s mind. All of the pilot’s are coping (except Yossarian) with the war in different ways†¦The daredevil pilot, McWatt, loves to buzz his friend Yossarian’s tent. Mess officer Milo Minderbender turns his job into an international black-market food syndicate. Lead Bombardier Havermeyer Zeros in on target’s, no matter how much anti-aircraft peppers his plane.

Police officer Essay

Inspector Goole has an air of mystery around him from the start. Mr. Birling is on the bench and knows all the police officers but has never seen Inspector Goole. The Inspector tells him that he is new â€Å"Only recently transferred.† This makes us wonder, is it a coincidence that he has just started working in Brumley at the same time as this investigation is going on? Or maybe he knew Eva Smith personally and wanted to find out more about what drove her to suicide. We don’t really know who he is and there is no evidence that he is a real Inspector so the audience are confused whether to believe him or not. We do not know enough about his character to trust him. He also has a very mysterious nature for example the way he talks to people. â€Å"He chooses his words carefully and speaks weightily.† He does this so that he makes sure that he is saying what he wants to say and means it. Everything he says has a rather matter of fact tome to it making the other characters think that he is always right and knows what he is talking about. Also he has a disconcerting habit of looking at the person that he is talking to. This makes them uneasy. It is like the Inspector is searching them internally and can see what they are thinking. The name of the Inspector â€Å"Inspector Goole† adds to the dramatic tension of the play. The name Goole is a homophone to the word ghoul which is often related to a ghost. A ghost is a disembodied spirit of a dead person i.e. it is not really there. Ghosts and ghouls are thought to be fictional to scare children. Therefore is the Inspector real or not? Is â€Å"Goole† his real name or is he just using the name to scare the Birlings? These questions remain unanswered throughout the play. Inspector Goole has a very awkward yet methodical way of questioning each member of the family. He concentrates on one person at a time and does not let them go until he is satisfied with the information that he has gained. When he is questioning one person he does not like to disturbed. He has a photograph in his pocket which he says is of Eva Smith and he says he found it in her lodgings. He only shows it to one person at a time and makes sure that no one else can see it. When he shows Mr. Birling the photograph Gerald and Eric are eager to see it as well but he blocks their view. When they ask him why they can’t see the photograph he replies â€Å"It’s the way I like to go to work. One person and one line of enquiry at a time. Otherwise there is a muddle.† This shows the methodical side to his questioning. Throughout his enquiries, the Inspector has remained in control. At times he has massively taken charge.† In social status, the Inspector is lower than the Birlings although throughout most of the play the Birlings are inferior to the Inspector as they do not know all the information like he does. What we do not know is how much the inspector already knows before arriving at the house. Whenever he asks a question, he already seems to know the otherwise he would not be questioning them. The information he has gathered before coming to the house is by reading the diary that Eva Smith left. Maybe some pages of the diary were missing, hence the lack of information in the Inspector. There is not really any evidence that what the inspector says is true apart from everyone admitting to what they did to Eva Smith. He doesn’t even show the Birlings so called diary. Therefore we aren’t sure if there even was a diary or if he made it all up. We are force to believe that he is telling the truth because how else would he have got that information? The audience answer to it â€Å"Anyhow I already knew.† He obviously has bits of the puzzle missing do not learn a great about Inspector Goole in the play. All they learn about is his character and personality; he is imposing and intimidating. We do not know any background information on him e.g. where he is from. All this does not matter because even though he is the main character the play is not about him it is about Eva Smith. The audience probably do feel a bit curious about the mysterious Inspector but their curiosity soon subsides as they try to keep up with the fast pace of the play. Before the Inspector goes he says â€Å"One Eva Smith has gone but there are millions and millions of Eva Smiths left with us.† From this, the family learn that they might have led someone to suicide but there are plenty more vulnerable people like Eva Smith left in the world that needs their help.  John Priestley was born on September 13th 1894. He grew up into a family who enjoyed debates. At a very young age he was caught up in debates with his friends. They all discussed politics from a socialist point of view. He expresses these ideas and beliefs in the play. In the play his socialist ideas are expressed through the characters and by exploiting some techniques and devices. Now I am going to write about the social and political climate of the day. Priestley wrote this play ‘An Inspector Calls’ in 1944, but the play was set in 1912. Priestley took into account the political and social climate of not just 1944 but also when the play was set in 1912. Because of the time in between the two periods Priestley could use historical events and facts for his own use in the play. An example of this is when Birling says, â€Å"I’m talking as a hard headed, practical man of business. And I say there isn’t a chance of war. â€Å"And in the Inspectors final speech when he talks about everyone being responsible for each other’s actions and the world is a whole and people shouldn’t be divided up into classes and social groups. â€Å"I tell you that the time will come when, if men will not learn that lesson, then they will be taught in fire and blood and anguish.† In both these quotes Priestley touches on the subject of war. This would have attracted the audience to what Birling was saying and they would have started to dislike him and his ideas, since the Second World War would have just finished the audience would have been upset about their lost ones and would have been interested in peoples opinions and views leading up to the start of World War One.

How to Make Your Own Baking Powder at Home

How to Make Your Own Baking Powder at Home You can make baking powder yourself using other common kitchen ingredients. Heres a simple homemade recipe you can use in place of commercial baking powder for cooking. Baking Powder Ingredients 2 teaspoons cream of tartar (potassium bitartrate)1 teaspoon baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) Using Baking Powder Baking powder produces bubbles that cause baked goods to rise by making carbon dioxide gas as soon as the dry and wet ingredients are mixed. Ensure success by preheating your oven. Dont overmix your ingredients or wait to bake your recipe or the bubbles may have a chance to dissipate, causing your recipe to fall flat. Storing Homemade Baking Powder The homemade baking powder will clump together if it isnt used right away, but you can prevent this by adding 1 teaspoon of cornstarch to the baking powder mixture. Store the baking powder in an airtight container. Commercial baking powder preparations often contain undesirable ingredients (such as aluminum compounds). By making your own baking powder, youll have complete control over your ingredients. You can test the baking powder before using it to make sure it is still fresh.

How and When to Use Uniform Distribution

How and When to Use Uniform Distribution There are a number of different probability distributions. Each of these distributions has a specific application and use that is appropriate to a particular setting. These distributions range from the ever-familiar bell curve (aka a normal distribution) to lesser-known distributions, such as the gamma distribution. Most distributions involve a complicated density curve, but there are some that do not. One of the simplest density curves is for a uniform probability distribution. Features of the Uniform Distribution The uniform distribution gets its name from the fact that the probabilities for all outcomes are the same. Unlike a normal distribution with a hump in the middle or a chi-square distribution, a uniform distribution has no mode. Instead, every outcome is equally likely to occur. Unlike a chi-square distribution, there is no skewness to a uniform distribution. As a result, the mean and median coincide. Since every outcome in a uniform distribution occurs with the same relative frequency, the resulting shape of the distribution is that of a rectangle. Uniform Distribution for Discrete Random Variables Any situation in which every outcome in a sample space is equally likely will use a uniform distribution. One example of this in a discrete case is rolling a single standard die. There are a total of six sides of the die, and each side has the same probability of being rolled face up. The probability histogram for this distribution is rectangular shaped, with six bars that each have a height of 1/6. Uniform Distribution for Continuous Random Variables For an example of a uniform distribution in a continuous setting, consider an idealized random number generator. This will truly generate a random number from a specified range of values. So if it is specified that the generator is to produce a random number between 1 and 4, then 3.25, 3, e, 2.222222, 3.4545456 and pi are all possible numbers that are equally likely to be produced. Since the total area enclosed by a density curve must be 1, which corresponds to 100 percent, it is straightforward to determine the density curve for our random number generator. If the number is from the range a to b, then this corresponds to an interval of length b - a. In order to have an area of one, the height would have to be 1/(b - a). For example, for a random number generated from 1 to 4, the height of the density curve would be 1/3. Probabilities With a Uniform Density Curve It is important to remember that the height of a curve does not directly indicate the probability of an outcome. Rather, as with any density curve, probabilities are determined by the areas under the curve. Since a uniform distribution is shaped like a rectangle, the probabilities are very easy to determine. Rather than using calculus to find the area under a curve, simply use some basic geometry. Remember that the area of a rectangle is its base multiplied by its height. Return to the same example from earlier. In this example, X is a random number generated between the values 1 and 4. The probability that X is between 1 and 3 is 2/3 because this constitutes the area under the curve between 1 and 3.

Rockefeller Drug Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rockefeller Drug Laws - Essay Example The year 1973 was marked by the Watergate scandal, an uneasy cease-fire in Vietnam, and a rising tide of the counter-culture. Fuelling the resentment of public institutions and the mistrust of the government was the proliferation of drug use by a new generation. To many conservatives, it appeared as though the liberal left had won and the seeds of permissiveness were never more apparent than they were in the drug culture in New York. Conservatives, such as Nelson Rockefeller, fought back with legislation that was aimed at this cultural group, and targeted drug use as a common denominator to identify his political and social enemies. New York State became the front lines in the War on Drugs with the passing of strict anti-drug laws that would become to be known as the Rockefeller Drug Laws. According to Haberman, "Their essence was to send drug felons to prison for very long stretches, with sentences made mandatory and leniency rendered unacceptable even for first-time offenders". The right wing hawks had lost the war and resigned the White House, but they were not in a mind to lose the War on Drugs. At the heart of the Rockefeller Laws were sentencing guidelines that placed an emphasis on retributive incarceration, and eliminated any possibility of restorative justice. The laws, in many cases, called for mandatory sentencing that could be as long as life in prison with no possibility of parole. As an example, in 1999 a middle-aged mother was sentenced to life in prison for the possession of a small quantity of cocaine, even though she was a first time offender and was working for a larger organization (Papa). This experience has been repeated thousands of times in New York where the penalty for delivering drugs is on the same level as that for second-degree murder. In addition to the lengthy sentences there are the "mandatory sentencing regulations that effectively tie the hands of presiding judges" (Irwin 6). The law has preset the sentence and judges are not able to consider extenuating circumstances such as the possibility of rehabilitation or the social situation of the def endant. The ability of a judge to gauge the sentence is a hallmark of modern justice and is one of the basic functions of the court. However, under the Rockefeller Laws, this function has been usurped by the legislators, and left the judge as little more than a figurehead. The Rockefeller Drug Laws have been criticized since their enactment, but were only recently reformed as protests grew louder. Since the passing of the laws conservatives have opposed the laws because they significantly altered the role of the judge in sentencing, and were unduly harsh. Concerned citizens argued that the mandatory minimum sentence of 15 years for the possession of a small amount of drugs was far out of proportion to the crime, and was comparable to the sentence guidelines for rape, manslaughter, and robbery (Rhett 6). Human rights watch groups pointed to the abuse by police, prosecutors, and courts as a reaction to clean up the streets and satisfy the public's thirst for a get tough on crime policy. However, these were non-violent victimless crimes, and getting the drug user off the streets only provided a marginal amount of safety for the public. Reasonable taxpayers objected to

Equations of Motion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Equations of Motion - Essay Example For any vibration to occur, a restoring force must be in existence. In this respect, a restoring force is identified in a pendulum. The restoring force is applied by the springs as long as Hooke’s law is observed. The restoring force, therefore, is proportional to the extension (e) with the constant (K) as the spring constant. That is force is equal to the extension times the spring constant (f=k e). The number of oscillations per unit time is equal to the frequency. Frequency is measured in units referred to as hertz (Hz). The motion of a simple pendulum is one of the phenomena that can be used to approximate the simple harmonic motion. The motion is sinusoidal and is a demonstration of resonant frequency that is single (Dunwoody, H. 2000). A pendulum is a simple set up in which a string is attached to a small bob. The string is clamped, and when it is displaced, it swings in a to and fro motion. The time that would be taken to complete one oscillation is referred to as perio dic time (T). The periodic time depends on the length of the pendulum and the acceleration due to gravity (g). That is T=2?v (l/g) Where l is the length of the pendulum whereas g is the acceleration due to gravity (g). When a body is vibrating, its potential energy is converted to kinetic energy (Dunwoody, H. 2000). ... This paper explores an experiment of simple harmonic motion by studying a pendulum (Grant, R., 2005). The hypothesis of this experiment is that increasing the length of the pendulum shall increase the periodic time (T) of a simple pendulum. Method Apparatus The instruments and apparatus that were used in this experiment included the simple pendulum, stop watch, meter rule, and protractor. Procedure. The simple pendulum was set up. The setup was made up of three regions. The centre was the pendulum. The length of the pendulum was chosen for the pendulum by using the slider on the left side of the screen. This value was recorded in the data table. The amplitude was raised to about 20 degrees. This value was equally recorded in the data table. The start animation button was clicked, and when the pendulum passed its lowest point, the timer was started. The time taken for the pendulum to complete 10 cycles was taken, and the timer stopped as the pendulum passed through the lowest point on ce again. This time was recorded in the data table. The mass of bob and the amplitude were kept constant. The length of the pendulum was varied and the period of oscillation determined for certain pendulum length. A series of the values for the period were determined through a number of trials. The length of the pendulum was varied so as to determine whether the period of oscillation depends on the length of the pendulum cord. About four trials were done using the same amplitude but changing the pendulum lengths. The results obtained were used to plot a graph of period versus the length and graph of period against the square root of the length. Results. Table 1: A table showing the data collected. Trial Length (m) L2 (m2) Time for 10 oscillations (s) S2

Social Responsibility and Financial Performance Literature review

Social Responsibility and Financial Performance - Literature review Example In order to conduct a literature review, two main themes are being highlighted including the relationship of CSR and financial performance and the relationship of CSR and Shareholders Value (Aras et al., 2010). A literature review is carried out by incorporating conceptual and theoretical frameworks (Aupperle et al., 1985). The theoretical framework provides relevant theories and models associated with corporate social responsibility and its impact on financial performances and shareholders’ value. The conceptual framework would improvise the need for research on the basis of previous researchers by various scholars and be examining their objectives, the methodology adopted and research findings. This provides insight on how different variables identified in themes chosen are linked together and are a significant part of in the corporate sector. The emergence of corporate scandals, financial responsibilities, and environmental threats has sensitized the society to be concerned with the social and ethically responsible behavior of companies. The concept of Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to the role of businesses towards the society. Cane and Matten (2010) in their study highlights, ‘it is by now fairly widely accepted that businesses do indeed have responsibilities beyond simply making a profit’ (Crane & Matten, 2010). A number of concepts such as Corporate Citizenship, Corporate Sustainability, and Corporate Social Responsibility are listed with regard to social responsibilities.  

People’s Opinions Essay Example for Free

People’s Opinions Essay In this life, each and every person has his or her own personal beliefs regardless of his loyalty or disloyalty, in certain cases. The difference in personal beliefs of people lies in the fact that some of them hold his or her opinion as the correct one regardless whether or not it is right or wrong. This flawed thinking has led others to force those with separate or different opinions to force upon others their own personal beliefs and convictions even though their own opinions may be wrong. There are those, however, who, despite the pressures exerted by others to change their opinion, cling on to their beliefs and opinions because they truly believe in their convictions. In my humble opinion, these are the people who become more successful than others. First of all, people who hold their opinions are more respected by people. There is no better way of convincing people about one’s strength in character and belief than by holding on to those beliefs firmly. These people always seem to know what they are talking about and are steadfast in their resolve. In doing so, these people are able to convince others to believe in their own beliefs; most especially those who are hesitant or undecided on their personal convictions. Moreover, having the strength of resolve is very helpful especially when it comes to sharing ideas and opinions. More often than not, those who argue about matters that they do not believe in, quickly waver in their arguments. Those who hang on to their beliefs always prevail in the end. The second reason is that people who stick by their opinions often have the self-confidence that is needed to get the better end of the bargain come negotiations. A perfect example of this would be the time when one of my friends, not too long ago, was discussing a certain subject matter that he was not totally convinced of but decided that he would be more convinced if he was able to gain some support for his topic. As fate would have it, he was having the discussion with me and I had a different opinion on the matter. Disregarding the fact on who was truly right, it did not take long before I was able to convince my friend that my friend was wrong. What this shows is that, in order to be successful in life, one must have a strong personality and must be convinced that his or her cause is the right cause. I could have easily given up on the matter but I was not about to let go of my convictions. In the end, I was able to convince my friend and ever since he has developed a stronger character. His character has become so strong and his insight so powerful that even older people enjoy having conversations with him even though he is more than half the age of most of them. Thirdly, people who hold onto their opinions are more likely to develop their skills and have a good knowledge by reading, talking, and sharing controversial topics to encourage himself/herself to develop their skills to get a strong opinion, while people who have been affected by other people to change their opinions easily are rarely excited to develop their skills and knowledge because they have to depend on to have good results. Though it may seem that having a strong character may prevent one from learning more, believing in something and dedicating one’s self to knowing the truth with respect to a matter of fact does indeed strengthen one’s character. There are basically two kinds of people; People who merely parrot what other people say and think and those who have the strength to believe when nobody else does. I believe that I belong to the latter. I know what I believe in and I am not shy about those convictions.

Leadership in Nursing Skills

Leadership in Nursing Skills Leadership is process of persuading others to work toward achieving the common desired outcomes (Whitehead, Weiss and Tappen, 2007). In healthcare settings, leadership and quality of care are interlinked. Nursing leadership plays vital role in organisational success as it is client oriented. It facilitates and ensures the delivery of best possible care to the clients (Zori Morrison, 2009) There are certain leadership characteristics that determine the effectiveness of a nurse leader. This essay critically discusses these attributes and also discusses the significance of these characteristics in context of nursing leadership. Furthermore, it briefly explains the effect of change and use of power in nursing to accommodate the change. A leader is anyone who influences his followers to do what he want them to do for attaining the organisational goals (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Leaders possess many leadership traits that make them different from their followers and enable them to lead the group effectively (Marquis and Huston, 2009). Key personal qualities of an effective nurse leader are self awareness, integrity, courage and perseverance. Development of an ability to think critically, to share common vision, to manage conflict, delegation and communicating skilfully are essential leadership behaviours that make a nurse leader effective (Whitehead, Weiss and Tappen, 2007). Identifying the one` leadership skills is very crucial as it enables the person to achieve the organisational goals. The leaders must set an example to influence their followers. They must have high emotional intelligence to understand themselves and others (Linda, 2005). A leader must be self aware. He should know his own strengths and weaknesses. If he recognises his strengths or weaknesses and likes or dislikes, it is much easier for him to identify othersà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢. Then, they can work together neutralising their weaknesses (Whitehead, Weiss and Tappen, 2007). The focus of leadership should not be they, but, it must be the client. They should emphasize on improving the quality of care provided to their clients (Hiscock Shuldham, 2008). Leading an organisation or department is very challenging. The leaders confront many problematic issues everyday, resolving these issues is complex. Successful leaders are critical thinkers too. They must be able to critically analyse the situation using their expertise knowledge and skills. Critical thinking is one of the components of decision making. Using the critical thinking skills, a leader examines the situation, looks for different alternatives and becomes aware of all the risks that may prevent the success of decision being made. Therefore, the leader attempts to avoid such pitfalls and decide the best possible alternative. Critical thinking is not innate, however, it can be learnt during one`s own experiences (Sullivan and Decker, 2009). Ability to share a common vision should be part of an effective leader`s behaviour. Nursing leaders think à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"outside the boxà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ . They are capable to think about better future when the things are currently getting harder to deal with. They are open minded, ready to think laterally and search for different ways to tackle the problems (Morgan, 2010). They should be able to influence others to develop this vision and become involved in different strategies to initiate change (Grossman Valiga, 2009). Delegation is also a key attribute of nursing leadership which is learnt with practice. Delegation is reassigning the task to another person which you are supposed to do. Even though, you have delegated the task to anyone else, you are accountable for the task accomplishment. In healthcare settings, the nurse leader uses her professional judgement while delegating the nursing care to nurses depending upon their abilities and supervises their work too. By doing this, the nurses can gain more confidence and competence in their own performance. As the main focus of leadership is providing quality care to the client, supervision of work by leader nurse ensures that the patient receives standardised care. Hence, it brings them together as a team leading towards attaining the goal of providing safe and quality care to their clients (Whitehead, Weiss and Tappen, 2007). Communication plays a vital role in successful leadership. To be successful, leaders must develop excellent communication skills. Nurse leaders promote two-way communication. Effective leaders can successfully convey their messages to their followers by verbal and non-verbal communication and they are good listeners also. They encourage valuable suggestions from staff members that can help leaders for bringing about effective changes in organisation. Effective communication facilitates the constructive relationship between them (Marquis and Huston, 2009). Nowadays, nursing leadership is considered as very crucial factor in promoting health and catering for the unique health needs of the people by providing safe and quality care. It is very important for nurses to develop these leadership characteristics if they want to become a nurse leader (Davison, 2010). It focuses on evidence based practice. Being nurses, they are committed to provide best quality care to the clients. Nurses should believe and understand that their role impacts the clients and the outcomes. Therefore, they should make best use of their leadership skills to bring improvement in the client care (Hiscock and Shuldham, 2008). Nurse leaders model high emotional intelligence. It is very useful as it enables them to understand their own and clients` behaviour. Better understanding of client will assist them to recognise and fulfil unique health needs of client and achieve organisational goals. Nurse leaders use critical thinking skills everyday because they engage in making complex decisions related to client care. Critical thinking enables nurses to scrutinize particular situation and choose appropriate action using their sound professional knowledge. This can bring changes and achieve positive health outcomes (Hood, 2010). The nurse leaders have ability to see a changed reality. They also inspire others to see the change and persuade them to contribute towards achievement of the outcome. They must value the contributions of followers (Grossman Valiga, 2009). Nurse leaders should exhibit excellent communication skills. As they work as health team member, they need to communicate with all other members of health organisation with a common aim of achieving positive patient outcomes. They share their views and convey the messages clearly to the clients and subordinates. Besides this, nurse leaders are active listeners. They encourage active participation of clients in their own care. Nurse leaders maintain written records, which serves as evidence of care being given. These records can be used to track the delivery of health care. On the other hand, if nurses are unable to communicate effectively, it may lead to chaos as the clients will not receive appropriate care (Grossman Valiga, 2009). Delegation is an essential leadership trait. Nurse leaders delegate their work to their subordinates; however, they are accountable for their task. It acts as a tool as it facilitates development of skills of others. It also enables leader to carry out m ore tasks at the same time. Apart from these, it also develops teamwork (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Power can be defined as an ability to influence others to get work done. In healthcare organisations, the power is essential for the organisational effectiveness and workers` satisfaction. Nurses use power to influence clients and other health professionals. To use power effectively, nurses must be knowledgeable about different sources and types of power. All nurses exercise power in one or other way (Whitehead, Weiss Tappen, 2007). The nurses can use power to improve practice and achieve the goals of an organisation. When there is a change occurring, it is not taken as granted. The people may resist the change. In such situation, nurses can make effective use of their power to influence others and initiate change. Nurses aim to reduce the resistance by sharing the information, disconfirming currently held beliefs, providing psychological safety and dictating change (Whitehead, Weiss and Tappen, 2007). For instance, nurses can use informational power by sharing the information about the proposed change. They can influence clients by providing knowledge and sharing their vision about improvement of delivery of care (Huntington Gilmour, 2010). By using expert power, the nurse leaders can explain the reasons why the change is being brought in? They will ensure others that this change will improve their performance. They will appreciate suggestions from them and their concerns about it. Once, the nurse leaders successfully influenced others, they can implement change. There are many examples of use o f power by nurse leaders that brought changes in nursing practice. For instance, in Australia and New Zealand nurses used their power in form of legislative procedure and it enabled nurse practitioners to prescribe medicine (Huntington Gilmour, 2010). Nurses are obliged to protect the clients. When the clients need assistance to speak for them, the nurses act as their advocates. Using their power, nurses can present their views and suggestions and can demand for improving the quality of care being delivered to the clients. Nurse leaders should have understanding of clientsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ rights, ethical issues to protect clients from any harm. For example, when working in Intensive Care Unit, if a nurse recognizes that one of other staff member does not practice good hand hygiene practice as per the norms of the hospital despite of previous warnings given. At first glance, nurse might find it challenging to report this issue to their superiors. However, keeping the client care as focus she will address this problem. This is an effective use of her legitimate power. When the client is not receiving appropriate care and there is need to change the situation, nurses act as protectors. Nurses preserve the rights of clients, protect the clients and monitor the quality of client care (Hood, 2010). Nurse leaders can use their power effectively by empowering others. They should work together as a team rather than competing with their co-workers. It prevents conflicts and promotes harmony in the healthcare setting. The clients may feel powerlessness due to their diseased conditions. Nurses can empower clients by actively engaging them in their care i.e. by giving them informed choices about their treatment, seeking suggestions to promote their health. This will strengthen their relationship by building trust between nurse and client and will enable patients to become an active partner rather than a passive recipient (Hood, 2010). In conclusion, effective leadership is a key element in organisational success. Effective leaders along with their team members, work together in order to achieve organisational goals. Leaders develop certain leadership attributes that enable leaders to influence others to follow them. Nursing leadership is an indispensable part of health care system. It plays a vital role in promoting health and delivery of quality client care. Nursing leadership is client oriented as it works for the best interests of their clients. Nurse leaders exercise power to influence clients, their families and other healthcare professionals in order to achieve positive health outcomes. Change is inevitable in health care. New changes can be introduced successfully with the effective use of power. The focus of care remains clients. The nurse leaders should communicate the change with their colleagues and clients and persuade them to allow this change. The nurses are obliged to protect the rights of clients a nd ensure optimal delivery of health care services. The changes are made to improve the quality of care and client safety.

The Farm :: Descriptive Farms Essays Papers

The Farm Flat Rock Farm was a hardscrabble anachronism in the 1950s. The dirt roads of Kansas, in those days, were littered with similar testimonies; relics of another time, passed down by the pioneers who carved them from the prairie. That it survived at all was a testament to the resourcefulness and tenacity of those that had scratched a subsistence from it during the dust bowl and great depression. Once the fulfillment of life-long dreams, farms like this one were being rendered obsolete by the emerging consumer society of post-war America. To the uninitiated there was nothing unique or extraordinary about this particular farm, except perhaps for the telltale signs of its certain obsolescence. The harness hanging from the tack room wall, the idle team of aging horses milling in the corral, the bucket at the cistern pump and the absence of electric lines all betrayed the homestead's lack of modernization and its inevitable future. Like thousands of others, it would be bought out and combined with a larger, more modern operation when death or bankruptcy hastened its demise. The passing of such a small and unremarkable homestead on the Kansas prairie would not be noticed nor long remembered -- yet it is. To a small boy growing up in the inner city, there was no place more wondrous or exciting to visit than that small farmstead somewhere northeast of Emporia. It was a vibrant place, alive with the sights and sounds of nature and bustling with important work that mattered. Work whose value and purpose was easily recognized by a child. Work connected to the land and animals in some grand collaboration with the universe. There were people there too who were glad when you came to visit. Patient people who cared, and who took the time to listen as well as teach. People who understood the value of a small child's efforts to help with the important work of the farm and encouraged those efforts. There always seemed to be a humming in the background that permeated everything there. A current, perhaps, that ran through it all and kept the people, land, and animals in sync with some universal pattern. I couldn't actually hear it, but if I sat very still on the rocks by the well pump, on a warm spring afternoon, and closed my eyes, I could feel it. The warmth of the rock beneath me, the sun reaching out to touch my skin, the breeze on my cheek -- all were connected -- as I was, with the sounds of the insects and animals around me.

Military and Leadership

In any environment whatsoever, the main targets, the paraphernalia, the products and team-leadership are all great aspects of running a business, all of which require talent, energy and a considerable amount of insight. The article â€Å"When Good Companies Do Bad Things† by Peter Schwartz highlights the importance of these aspects through the crucial significance of companies being ‘good’ and having the reputation for it as well.Schwartz states that there is a growing importance of reputation in the competitive world of global branding. We all like to believe that we’re working for good companies and that our systems are ethical, humanitarian and in the interest of the betterment of people. However, with the rising complexities in the globalization of the market, he draws from the examples of big companies such as Shell, Nike, Microsoft and Texaco, all finding themselves paying the price for a task as simple as to paying too little attention to the importa nce of reputation.The comparison of the aforementioned multi-billion dollar businesses with a military unit may not be high in terms of product and sales strategies, yet the aspect of units of men working for a certain target with a certain image before people is highly common between both these instances. A military unit, much like a corporate unit, works on the principle of task-orientation. It also believes that its goals are ethical and in sync with the good of mankind. The simple personal experience that I had of watching the troops walking, saluting and parading in formation is a clear-cut example of the height of conformity within its set up.However, Hawkins (2007) reports the research conducted at Los Alamos, recognizing that the â€Å"behavior of a group of people depends strongly on the interaction of personal (individual traits) with the collective moods of the group as a whole†. This simply means that the high levels of conformity we see in the formation and smoot h working of a battalion is also connected deeply with the individual’s interaction with the whole. The same way a platoon is influenced by its unit members’ passion and dedication towards their goals, the corporate set up is also directly influenced by values in the system.Integrity, as interpreted by Schwartz, is: being well-integrated with one's society and understanding what the society's expectations are. I agree to this definition as it has the potential to create more aware institutions. Capitalist set ups, by definition, are businesses run for the sole purpose of making a profit (Haralambos and Holborn, p. 8). The age of media and technology grows faster today than it ever did – therefore it is better to have emerging corporate culture, which has encoded in its basic structural DNA, empathy and a sense of compassion for its surroundings.It is indeed so in the military that an environment of debate is not encouraged in the military set up. It is the belie f of experts that ‘saluting without questioning exemplifies the military's ‘can do' attitude that can create an optimist out of even the most skeptical naysayer† (Wong and Lovelace, p. 2). In the military the ability to prepare or get ready to fight, skill in actual fighting and the will to prevail in combat against a foe, are the critical dimensions of leadership (Hawkins, n.p.).The military may also find itself faced with disastrous results if it chooses to ignore the voices that exist outside its barracks. The example of the Iraq and Afghan wars, Abu Ghuraib jails, the American public speaking out against the War, are plenty for the world media and global peacemakers to click their tongues and wonder at the foreign policy of the United States of America. Schwartz mentions that corporate magnates sometimes end up baffled with certain results because they have almost no contact with the outside personnel, which play an equal and a highly effective role in shaping their commercial and corporate success.Retired Army Major General John Batiste spoke openly regarding the War in Iraq, outlining the importance and sway of the respective socio-political system on the task of the military, â€Å"Military leaders of all ranks, particularly the senior military, have an obligation in a democracy to say something about it†. In the case of German post-war governments, learning from mistakes and paying attention to what the world is saying is making a big point in their arguments.Post-war governments have claimed to maintain a conscript army in order to safeguard against political extremism in the armed forces (Paterson, n.p.). Similarly Major General Bill Rollo had a whole briefing about the concern of military commanders regarding the effect of bad publicity on morale, and â€Å"particularly over a series of high-profile cases involving the alleged abuse of Iraqis by British soldiers† (Norton-Taylor, n.p.).It is apparently fair to an organ ization if the perception of the market-consumers shape its reputation. The company gains profits through the masses which pay for their goods, which in turn help it run its business, big or small. It is, as says Schwartz, not possible to completely fulfill the needs and aspirations of the working team and the consumers. The company must strive and motivate the circle through addressing their needs and choices as much and as far as they can.I would personally lead my company/unit by way of establishing a culture of bringing out the best products through the maximum information provided not only by the society’s general consensus, but through the voice of the working individuals of the team. It is in the inherent nature of man to seek expression. By appealing to this very nature, I would direct and lead the company into more responsive whole rather than a conformed group of tight-rope walkers who won’t know when trouble actually hits them because they were too busy list ening to orders.Work CitedHaralambos, Mike and Holborn, Martin. Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. United Kingdom: Collins, 2000.Norton-Taylor, Richard. Top brass fight to save army's reputation. December 30, 2005. The Guardian. October 2nd, 2007. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/dec/30/topstories3.iraq

A triangulation approach Essay

Thomas had heard the same devastating story before. He knew what to expect or so he thought. He had seen the shattered lives, lost youth and the trail of broken dreams that had divided families and friends. Often it was the innocent bystanders most affected by such behaviour. The collateral damage was often so costly. But it was Thomas who would end up as Daniel’s target that day. Introduction All researchers have different beliefs and ways of viewing and interacting within their surroundings. As a result, the way in which research studies are conducted vary. However, there are certain standards and rules that guide a researcher’s actions and beliefs. Such standards or principles can be referred to as a paradigm. To gain a better understanding of why and how the researcher chose the methodological approach in this study, an initial discussion will be completed about the paradigm that best fits the focus of this study. Following a discussion about the research paradigm, the aim of this chapter is to discuss the research design and methodology utilised in this study. In order to describe the variety of research activities undertaken during this study, the data collection activities and associated analysis methods will be systematically discussed under four phases. For ease of discussion, the study activities will be described in the order in which the researcher completed them. The order of the study activities have been outlined in Figure 3. Research Paradigm According to Taylor, Kermode, and Roberts (2007, p. 5), a paradigm is â€Å"a broad view or perspective of something†. Additionally, Weaver and Olson’s (2006, p. 460) definition of paradigm reveals how research could be affected and guided by a certain paradigm by stating, â€Å"paradigms are patterns of beliefs and practices that regulate inquiry within a discipline by providing lenses, frames and processes through which investigation is accomplished†. Therefore, to clarify the researcher’s structure of inquiry and methodological choices, an exploration of the paradigm adopted for this study will be discussed prior to any discussion about the specific methodologies utilized in this study. This study utilised a triangulation approach to explore and guide the development and evaluation of a clinical forensic nursing educational package. The use of both the qualitative and quantitative methodologies was necessary to encompass the different aspects of forensic science and nursing’s holistic approach to patient care. According to Lynch (2006), providing forensic patient care requires objectivity and neutrality while attending to the various human dimensions of health and well-being. To address the diversity and complexity of such nursing and forensic issues, a mixed methodology was necessary. According to Weaver and Olson (2006), the paradigms most commonly utilised in nursing research are positivist, postpositivist, interpretive, and critical social theory. The quantitative methodology shares its philosophical foundation with the positivist paradigm (Weaver and Olson). The positivist paradigm arose from the philosophy identified as logical positivism and is based on rigid rules of logic and measurement, truth, absolute principles and prediction (Halcomb and Andrew, 2005; Cole, 2006; Weaver and Olson). The positivist philosophy argues that there is one objective reality. Therefore, as a consequence, valid research is demonstrated only by the degree of proof that can be corresponded to the phenomena that study results stand for (Hope and Waterman, 2003). In this study, such rigid principles lend themselves more to the scientific forensic aspects such as scientific knowledge, logic and measurement incorporated into this study (Weaver and Olson, 2006; Lynch, 2006). However, such inflexible beliefs did not have the capacity to accommodate the investigatory aspects of this study that dealt with the social and human experiences. As a result, qualitative methodologies were also incorporated  into the research design (see Table 3.1). The qualitative methodology shares its philosophical foundation with the interpretive paradigm which supports the view that there are many truths and multiple realities. This type of paradigm focuses the holistic perspective of the person and environment which is more congruent with the nursing discipline (Weaver and Olson, 2006). Additionally, the interpretive paradigm is associated more with methodological approaches that provide an opportunity for the voice, concerns and practices of research participants to be heard (Cole, 2006; Weaver and Olson). Cole further argues that qualitative researchers are â€Å"more concerned about uncovering knowledge about how people feel and think in the circumstances in which they find themselves, than making judgements about whether those thoughts and feelings are valid† (p. 26). Due to the complex nature of the research study, there was no single paradigm that could satisfactorily deal with all of the required methodological aspects. Therefore, the researcher found it necessary to combine the quantitative/positivist paradigm with the qualitative/interpretive paradigm. The blending of both paradigms provided the researcher with the ability to statistically analyse the scientific data whilst also recognizing the complex psychosocial and emotional factors that influence patient care issues. The discussion that follows will further elaborate and describe in detail how each paradigm and methodological approach was implemented in this study. Research Design In this descriptive study, qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques were used including; semi-structured interviews, chart audits, pre and post-test questionnaires, focus group interviews, and the researcher’s field notes of personal observations and conversations. Additionally, to provide a more complete and  multidimensional understanding of the issues, a triangulation methodology design was employed (Taylor, Kermode, and Roberts, 2007). In the section below, the discussion will be divided into two main headings; that of descriptive research and triangulation. Descriptive Research In order for the researcher to gain different perspectives and draw attention to different factors that affect forensic practice in Western Australia, descriptive research methods were employed in this study. According to Polit, Beck, and Hungler (2001, p. 180), descriptive methods are used when the researcher seeks to â€Å"describe, observe, and document a naturally occurring phenomenon which cannot readily be ascribed an objective value†. In other words, descriptive research deals with questions that look to explain what things are like and describe relationships but do not predict relationships between variables or the direction of the relationship. Depending on what is to be described, descriptive research can be very concrete or more abstract (DeVaus, 2002). At a concrete level, data collected is often strongly quantitative in nature (Polit, Beck, and Hungler, 2001). In this study, data will be collected in the form of participant demographics, chart audit data, monitoring of implementation tools, and data collected from the pre and post-test questionnaires. In addition, more abstract descriptive research, in the form of stakeholder interviews, was also included. According to Morse and Richards (2002), qualitative descriptive approaches are extremely helpful because evidence of experience and knowledge can be easily missed when quantitative methods are used. In this study, semi-structured interviews were incorporated into the study design because the researcher believed that open ended questions would be the most efficient way to collect data from stakeholder participants. Open ended questions are thought to allow an individual time and scope to discuss their perception and knowledge (Morse and Richards, 2002). DeVaus (2002) believes that descriptive research can play a key role in highlighting the  existence and extent of problems which can stimulate interventions and actions that lead to policy change. The intent of stakeholder interviews was to investigate and describe current forensic practices occurring in Western Australia. According to Taylor, Kerrmode and Roberts (2007), qualitative interviews attempt to â€Å"make meanings† from individual accounts and experiences. Forensic patients are usually treated in partnership by medical and legal professionals (Lynch, 2006). Therefore forensic and healthcare stakeholders who work in the field have the best ability to contribute, enhance links and increase the successful integration of services (Haddow, O’Donnell, and Heaney, 2007). The incorporation of stakeholders in this study was to enhance the understanding of the current issues and experiences confronting forensic and healthcare professionals working with and providing care to forensic patients. Triangulation Multiple triangulation methods were utilised in this descriptive study. Triangulation involves the application and combination of several research methodologies in one study (Schneider, Elliott, Lo-Biondo-Wood, and Haber, 2003; Taylor, Kermode, and Roberts, 2007). There are four common types of triangulation discussed within the literature including: data triangulation that involves time, space, and persons; investigator triangulation which uses multiple observers; theory triangulation that uses more than one theoretical perspective to interpret the study phenomenon; and methodological triangulation that involves using more than one methodological strategy during data collection. According to Halcomb and Andrew (2005), the use of multiple data sources and methods to cross-check and validate findings increase the depth and quality of the results and also provides valuable guidance to nursing practice. Triangulation provides in-depth data, increases the confidence in the research results as well as enables different dimensions of the problem to be considered (Barbour, 2001; Jones and Bugge, 2006). A combination of methods is thought by some to improve the consistency and accuracy of data by providing a more complete picture of the phenomenon (Roberts and Taylor,  2002; Halcomb and Andrew, 2005; Williams, Rittman, Boylstein, Faircloth, and Haijing, 2005; Jones and Bugge, 2006). Morse (1991) cited in Minichiello, Sullivan, Greenwood, and Axford, (1999, p. 258) believes that triangulation is a means by which the researcher is able to â€Å"capture a more complete and holistic portrait of the phenomena under study†. In this study, the researcher employed methodological, data, and unit of analysis triangulation. Each of these aspects of triangulation will be discussed individually below and study examples provided to help illustrate the concepts. Firstly, methodological triangulation will be explored which can be sub-divided into within and across-method triangulation (Schneider, et al., 2003; Halcomb and Andrew, 2005). Methodological triangulation Methodological triangulation, according to Taylor, Kermode, and Roberts (2007), involves using two or more research methods in one study at the level of data collection or design. Across-method triangulation involves combining research strategies usually qualitative and quantitative methods. Such an approach is common in nursing studies (Jones and Bugge, 2006; Halcomb and Andrew, 2005). In this study, for example, data from stakeholders interviews were utilised to reinforce and complement the data from quantitative chart audits because concepts mentioned by the stakeholders were checked during the chart audits. Complementary findings in a study make a more valid contribution to theory and knowledge development, enhance diversity, and enrich the understanding surrounding the study’s objectives and goals (Schneider, et al., 2003; Macnee and McCabe, 2008). Data triangulation Data triangulation can be described as the use of multiple sources of data to obtain differing views about a situation in a single study (Roberts and Taylor, 2002). For example, in this study, data was collected from various interviews, pre and post-test questionnaires and by reviewing nurse participant’s documentation within patient medical records. Multiple data  sources help validate the findings by exploring different views of the situation under investigation (Taylor, Kermode, and Roberts, 2007). Data triangulation can be divided into categories of time, space, and person (Roberts and Taylor). Time triangulation involves researchers collecting data at different points in time such as time of day; at different days of the week, or at different months of the year (Rinaldi, Carpenter, and Speziale, 2006). In this study, however, the goal was not to compare participant knowledge between shifts or from one month to the next. 46 Instead, the researcher was interested in evaluating an educational intervention over time. Therefore, for this study, only two types of data triangulation were utilised: space and person.  Space triangulation involves the collection of data from multiple sites (Roberts and Taylor, 2002). In this study, for example, data was collected from two hospitals emergency departments. Analysis from both sites helped evaluate the effectiveness of Phase III activities of this research and also increased the validity and strengthened the study (Begley, 1996; Halcomb and Andrew, 2005). Person triangulation implies that data was collected from more than one category of person (Roberts and Taylor, 2002; Taylor, Kermode, and Roberts, 2007). For example, in this study, participants included ED nurses as well as key forensic and healthcare stakeholders. The use of various legal and healthcare professionals provided greater insight into a variety of issues including: hospital administration, staffing, costing concerns; medical practices; Western Australian legal requirements and governmental policies; current evidentiary processes; as well as existing investigatory practices. Such data was utilised to support, supplement, and validate the information gained from published forensic material as well as the research data.