SPSS Statistics Essay Sample free essay sample

SPSS Statistics is a package bundle used for statistical analysis. It is now officially named â€Å"IBM SPSS Statistics† . Companion merchandises in the same household are used for study authoring and deployment ( IBM SPSS Data Collection ) . informations excavation ( IBM SPSS Modeler ) . text analytics. and coaction and deployment ( batch and automated hiting services ) . Contentss [ fell ] 1 Statistics plan2 Versions2. 1 Ownership history3 Additions4 Release history5 See besides6 Notes7 Mentions8 External links[ edit ] Statistics plan SPSS ( originally. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. subsequently modified to read Statistical Product and Service Solutions ) was released in its first version in 1968 after being developed by Norman H. Nie. Dale H. Bent and C. Hadlai Hull. SPSS is among the most widely used plans for statistical analysis in societal scientific discipline. It is used by market research workers. wellness research workers. study companies. authorities. instruction research workers. selling organisations and others. The original SPSS manual ( Nie. Bent A ; Hull. We will write a custom essay sample on SPSS Statistics Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1970 ) has been described as one of â€Å"sociology’s most influential books† . [ 1 ] In add-on to statistical analysis. informations direction ( instance choice. file reshaping. making derived informations ) and informations certification ( a metadata lexicon is stored in the datafile ) are characteristics of the base package. SPSS was released in its 2nd version in 1972 and its company name is INDUS Nomi. Statisticss included in the base package: Descriptive statistics: Cross tabular matter. Frequencies. Descriptives. Explore. Descriptive Ratio Statistics Bivariate statistics: Means. t-test. ANOVA. Correlation ( bivariate. partial. distances ) . Nonparametric trials Prediction for numerical results: Linear arrested development Prediction for placing groups: Factor analysis. bunch analysis ( two-step. K-means. hierarchal ) . Discriminant The many characteristics of SPSS are accessible via pull-down bill of fares or can be programmed with a proprietary 4GL bid sentence structure linguistic communication. Command sentence structure scheduling has the benefits of duplicability. simplifying insistent undertakings. and managing complex informations uses and analyses. Additionally. some complex applications can merely be programmed in sentence structure and are non accessible through the bill of fare construction. The pull-down bill of fare interface besides generates command sentence structure ; this can be displayed in the end product. although the default scenes have to be changed to do the sentence structure seeable to the user. They can besides be pasted into a sentence structure file utilizing the â€Å"paste† button nowadays in each bill of fare. Plans can be run interactively or unattended. utilizi ng the supplied Production Job Facility. Additionally a â€Å"macro† linguistic communication can be used to compose bid linguistic communication subprograms and a Python programmability extension can entree the information in the informations lexicon and informations and dynamically build bid sentence structure plans. The Python programmability extension. introduced in SPSS 14. replaced the less functional SAX Basic â€Å"scripts† for most intents. although SaxBasic remains available. In add-on. the Python extension allows SPSS to run any of the statistics in the free package bundle R. From version 14 onwards SPSS can be driven externally by a Python or a VB. Net plan utilizing supplied â€Å"plug-ins† . SPSS places restraints on internal file construction. informations types. informations processing and duplicate files. which together well simplify programming. SPSS datasets have a two-dimensional tabular array construction where the rows typically represent instances ( such as persons or families ) and the columns represent measurings ( such as age. sex or household income ) . Merely 2 informations types are defined: numeral and text ( or â€Å"string† ) . All informations processing occurs consecutive individual through the file. Files can be matched one-to-one and one-to-m any. but non many-to-many. The graphical user interface has two positions which can be toggled by snaping on one of the two checks in the bottom left of the SPSS window. The ‘Data View’ shows a spreadsheet position of the instances ( rows ) and variables ( columns ) . Unlike spreadsheets. the information cells can merely incorporate Numberss or text and expressions can non be stored in these cells. The ‘Variable View’ displays the metadata lexicon where each row represents a variable and shows the variable name. variable label. value label ( s ) . print breadth. measuring type and a assortment of other features. Cells in both positions can be manually edited. specifying the file construction and leting informations entry without utilizing bid sentence structure. This may be sufficient for little datasets. Larger datasets such as statistical studies are more frequently created in informations entry package. or entered during computer-assisted personal interviewing. by scanning and utilizing optical character acknowledgment and optical grade acknowledgment package. or by direct gaining control from on-line questionnaires. These datasets are so read into SPSS. SPSS can read and compose informations from ASCII text files ( including hierarchal files ) . other statistics bundles. spreadsheets and databases. SPSS can read and compose to external relational database tabular arraies via ODBC and SQL. Statistical end product is to a proprietary file format ( * . spv file. back uping pivot tabular arraies ) for which. in add-on to the in-package spectator. a stand-alone reader can be downloaded. The proprietary end product can be exported to text or Microsoft Word. PDF. Excel. and other formats. Alternatively. end product can be captured as informations ( utilizing the OMS bid ) . as text. tab-delimited text. PDF. XLS. HTML. XML. SPSS dataset or a assortment of in writing image formats ( JPEG. PNG. BMP and EMF ) . The SPSS logo used prior to the renaming in January 2010.SPSS Server is a version of SPSS with a client/server architecture. It had some characteristics non available in the desktop version. such as hiting maps ( Scoring maps are included in the desktop version from version 19 ) . [ edit ] Versions Early versions of SPSS were designed for batch processing on mainframes. including for illustration IBM and ICL versions. originally utilizing punched cards for input. A processing tally read a bid file of SPSS bids and either a natural input file of fixed format informations with a individual record type. or a ‘getfile’ of informations saved by a old tally. To salvage cherished computing machine clip an ‘edit’ tally could be done to look into bid sentence structure without analyzing the information. From version 10 ( SPSS-X ) in 1983. informations files could incorporate multiple record types. SPSS versions 16. 0 and subsequently run under Windows. Mac. and Linux. The graphical user interface is written in Java. The Mac OS version is providedas a Universal binary. doing it to the full compatible with both PowerPC and Intel-based Mac hardware. Prior to SPSS 16. 0. different versions of SPSS were available for Windows. Mac OS X and Unix. The Windows version w as updated more often. and had more characteristics. than the versions for other runing systems. SPSS version 13. 0 for Mac OS X was non compatible with Intel-based Macintosh computing machines. due to the Rosetta emulation package doing mistakes in computations. SPSS 15. 0 for Windows needed a downloadable hotfix to be installed in order to be compatible with Windows Vista. Between 2009 and 2010. SPSS Inc. referred to its primary merchandise lines under the PASW ( Predictive Analytics SoftWare ) streamer. instead than mentioning to the both the company and its merchandises as â€Å"SPSS† . [ edit ] Ownership history The company announced on July 28. 2009 that it was being acquired by IBM for US $ 1. 2 billion. [ 2 ] As of January 2010. it became â€Å"SPSS: An IBM Company† . Complete transportation of concern to IBM was done by October 1. 2010. By that day of the month. SPSS: An IBM Company ceased to be. IBM SPSS is now to the full integrated into the IBM Corporation. and is one of the trade names under IBM Software Group’s Business Analytics Portfolio. together with IBM Cognos.